Headache in a post-neurosurgical patient

Earlier this month while moonlighting I had an approximately 40yM present for a headache (9/10 pain) for 3 days.

I know, this is an everyday occurrence.

But in his case he had a craniotomy with removal of a meningioma 1 month prior. He also noted 2 weeks of swelling on the left side of his head along the surgical scar.
ROS: denied fevers, chills, changes in vision, weakness, numbness, or tingling, etc.

PE: VSS, HEENT: Left side of head extending from his surgical scar and wrapping around to even under his L eyebrow was swollen and firm. NEURO: WNL

So, I know something isn’t right and my guess is that he either had a bleed or infection associated with his surgery. I order a CT head. For his headache I give him a migraine cocktail (IVF, compazine, and benadryl, minus the toradol).

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After I see the CT images, I rush to check on the patient as the CT obviously shows quite a bit of midline shift and the patient states his headache is drastically improved (2/10 down from 9/10). Apparently migraine cocktails work on all causes of headache.

I consulted Neurosurgery who promptly admitted the patient to the ICU with plans to go to the OR. Approximately 45 minutes later, after the NES nurse practioner has seen the patient and he is getting packed up to go to the ICU, the radiologist calls to notify me of the CT findings.

This is a reminder to ALWAYS look at CT images yourself, especially if you’re expecting a life threatening finding.

Another abdominal pain

I had a patient in her 30s that presented with 1 day hx of N/V and diffuse abdominal pain that was most severe in her epigastric and LUQ and radiated to her back.  She had PO intolerance since the pain started the night before. Past medical hx was significant for R nephrectomy that she states is because her “kidney wasn’t working right”. Pt says that this pain feels just like the pain she had from that kidney.

PE: VSS, afebrile. She is curled in the fetal position and yells anywhere you touch on her abdomen but states that the worst pain is when I press her epigastrum and LUQ. She has a large RUQ scar from her nephrectomy. No CVA ttp, negative murphy sign.

At this time my differential included pancreatitis vs PUD vs gastritis vs pyelonephritis
Labs come back with lipase wnl, no WBC, UA with a lot of epithelial cells and a few WBC. Acute abdominal series xray is wnl

I reassess patient after dilaudid and zofran and she states nausea has resolved but still has severe epigastric/LUQ pain. On reexamination the rest of the abdomen is nontender. The amount of pain she is experiencing in her epigastrum/LUQ concerns me and its not pancreatitis based on the lipase so I order a CT abd/pelvis and I put in the ordering comments “diffuse abdominal pain most severe in epigastric and LUQ”.

The radiologist walks over to the department to tell me that the patient has appendicitis and her appendix which is thickened and with fat stranding is in the mid right abdomen instead of RLQ hence the atypical location of her pain. My assumption is that the reason her appendix is so high is from scar tissue secondary to her transabdominal nephrectomy.

I post this to remind everyone that while the RLQ is the most specific place to have pain from appendicitis, the pain can be anywhere (previous abdominal surgery (in this case), retrocecal/pregnancy, etc).

Positioning is Everything

When using a chest x-ray to look for a pneumothorax, positioning of the patient is everything.  The first chest x-ray below is an upright chest x-ray from an OSH of a patient that fell 30 feet from deer stand and was found to have a right pneumothorax.  The OSH didn’t do any other imaging and didn’t even send the patient with a c-collar.

When the patient arrived we laid him down and placed a c-collar and assumed that his spines weren’t cleared yet.  When we shot the portable, supine chest x-ray in our ED we couldn’t see a pneumothorax and our radiologist actually read it as no pneumothorax.

Using the US, an EFAST was performed and showed a pneumothorax and the subsequent Chest CT verified it.  Therefore the next time you get an ED, supine chest xray on someone, remember that just because you don’t see a pneumothorax on a supine CXR, doesn’t mean they don’t have one.  The optimal xray is an upright chest xray (expiratory if possible)!

Upright OSH xrayUpright Chest x-ray from OSH

Supine UofL portable Xray

Portable, supine Chest X-ray in our ED

CT scan

CT showing the Right Pneumothorax