Healthcare Disparities in the ED:

• -amongst persons experiencing homelessness (PEH), the rates of mental illness and substance used disorder is disproportionately higher compared to the non-PEH group
• – Implicit bias still affects medical care in the US today; black individuals are less likely to receive urgent triage score or to be admitted to the hospital for their complaints.
• – It has been well studied that patients receive better care and have better health outcomes when cared for by doctors who share similar identities in race or gender
• – Try to use preferred names and pronouns. Don’t ask intrusive questions or perform intrusive exams when not indicated. Be compassionate.
• – healthcare costs associated with undocumented immigrants (UI) largely felt by the ED. EMTALA applies to UI as well as documented immigrants.

• How to Give and Receive Checkout:
• – A TOC occurs when >2 providers exchange info about a pt. Happens more than you think
• -In a TOC, be clear, brief, timely and complete. Check your bias. Give the oncoming residents time to ask questions
• – Use IPASS mnemonic when transitioning care between providers
• – Check out your sickest patients first
• – Consult with a purpose and a specific request/question