7-19-23 Conference Notes

• Healthcare Quality and Safety Intro
  • Make sure you introduce yourself to patients
  • Ask “why” 5 times if you see something you want to improve – root cause analysis
  • Lean: removal of waste with an emphasis on work flow
  • Six-Sigma: eliminate defects and reduce variations in processes
• Traumacology: RSI and Pain Management
  • Intubation methods: RSI, delayed sequence (sedative first and then paralytic after appropriate oxygenation), drug assisted (sedative-only intubation)
  • RSI goals: facilitate first pass success, minimize aspiration
  • Pre-med: lidocaine (1.5mg/kg), fentanyl (2-3mcg/kg), atropine (0.02mg/kg), versed (2-4mg)
    • Lidocaine and fentanyl prevent increase in ICP by preventing cough/pain response
    • Atropine prevents bradycardia during airway manipulation (vagal response)
  • Etomidate: 0.3mg/kg (0.2mg/kg if >120kg). Adverse effects include myoclonus and protentional adrenal suppression
  • Ketamine: 1-2mg/kg. Adverse effects include tachycardia, hypertension, emesis, emergence reaction
  • Propofol: 1-1.5mg/kg. No analgesia. Adverse effects include hypotension
  • Succinylcholine: 1-2mg/kg. Adverse events include bradycardia, hypotension, hyperkalemia (severe burns >5 days old, crush injury, demyelinating disease, myasthenia gravis
  • Rocuronium: 0.6-1.2mg/kg. Emphasize higher dosing for faster onset. Duration 30-45mins
  • Vecuronium: 0.08-1mg/kg. Duration 30-60mins. Adverse events include prolonged action in hypothermia
  • Fentanyl 75-100x more potent than morphine, less histamine release
  • 1mg dilaudid is equivalent to 7mg morphine
• Transfer of Care
  • Consider EMTALA
    • Provide all patients with a medical screening examination
      • Helps uncover whether an emergency medical condition exists
    • Stabilize patients with an emergency medical condition
      • Make sure they can be transferred or discharged without clinical deterioration
    • Transfer or accept appropriate patients as needed
      • Transferring hospital should stabilize the patient to its fullest extent, provide care in route, contact the receiving hospital, and transfer the patient with copies of the medical records
• Tube Thoracostomy Simulation
  • Indications: pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, empyemaRelative contraindications: pulmonary adhesions, coagulopathyPlacement: 4^th or 5^th intercostal space anterior to mid-axillary line above the rib to avoid the neurovascular bundle
  • Consider antibiotics (cefazolin most commonly) for infection prophylaxis